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HISTORICAL  SKETCH 

OP  THK 

MISSIONS  OF  THE  AMEEICAN  BOARD 


Uf  THB 


SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA, 

AND  MARQUESAS. 


Rev.  S.  C.  BARTLETT,  D.  D. 


BOSTON: 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE  BOARD,  • 

1 Somerset  Street. 

1880.  ' - 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2016 


https://archive.org/details/historicalsketch00bart_2 


vzi  'voi^urt/f^in  uiou^egj  cci 


Lon^  h'as(  lA.T  rhont  tirrmw’ich  HiO 


BARTLETT’S  SKETCHES. 


% 

THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA, 
AND  MARQUESAS. 

In  the  year  1809,  a dark-skinned  boy  was  found  weep- 
ing on  the  door-steps  at  Yale  College.  Ilis  name  was 
Henry  Obookiah  (Opukahaia)  ; and  he  came  from  the 
Sandwich  Islands.  In  a civil  war  his  father  and  mother 
had  been  slain  before  his  eyes ; and  when  he  fled  with 
his  infant  brother  on  his  back,  the  child  was  killed  with  a 
spear,  and  he  was  taken  prisoner.  Lonely  and  w'retched, 
the  poor  boy,  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  was  glad  to  come 
with  Captain  Brintnell  to  New  Haven.  He  thirsted  for 
instruction  ; and  he  lingered  round  the  college  buildings, 
hoping  in  some  way  to  gratify  his  burning  desire.  But 
when  at  length  all  hope  died  out,  he  sat  down  and  wept. 
The  Rev.  Edwdn  W.  Dwight,  a resident  graduate,  found 
him  there,  and  kindly  took  him  as  a pupil. 

In  the  autumn  of  that  year  came  another  resident  grad- 
uate to  New  Haven,  for  the  purpose  of  awakening  the 
spirit  of  missions.  It  was  Samuel  J.  Mills.  Obookiah 
told  Mills  his  simple  story  — how  the  people  of  Hawaii 
“ arc  very  bad  ; they  pray  to  gods  made  of  w'ood  ; ” and 
he  longs  “ to  learn  to  read  this  Bible,  and  go  back  there 
and  tell  them  to  pray  to  God  up  in  heaven.”  Mills  wrote 
to  Gordon.  Hall,  “ What  does  this  mean  ? Brother  Hall, 
do  you  understand  it?  Shall  he  be  sent  back  unsup- 

1 


2 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


ported,  to  attempt  to  reclaim  his  countryn.en?  Shall 
■we  not  rather  consider  these  southern  islands  a proper 
place  for  the  establishment  of  a mission?”  Mills  took 
Obookiah  to  his  own  home  in  Torringford,  and  thence 
to  Andover  for  a two  years’  residence  ; after  which  the 
young  man  found  his  way  to  the  Grammar  School  at 
Litchfield,  and,  when  it  was  opened  in  1817,  to  the 
Foreign  Mission  School  at  Cornwall,  Conn.  At  Litch- 
field he  became  acquainted  and  intimate  with  Samuel 
Kuggles,  who,  about  this  time  (1816),  resolved  to  ac- 
company him  to  his  native  island  with  the  gospel. 

In  the  same  vessel  which  brought  Obookiah  to  Amer- 
ica came  two  other  Hawaiian  lads,  William  Tenooe 
(Kanui)  and  Thomas  Hopu.  After  roving  lives  of  many 
years,  in  1815  they  were  both  converted  — Tenooe  at 
New  Haven,  and  Hopu  after  he  had  removed  from  New 
Haven  to  Torringford.  Said  Hopu,  after  his  conversion, 
“ I want  my  poor  countrymen  to  know  about  Christ.” 
These  young  men,  too,  had  been  the  objects  of  much 
personal  interest  in  New  Haven  ; and  in  the  following 
June,  during  the  sessions  of  the  General  Association  in 
that  city,  a meeting  was  called  by  some  gentlemen  to 
discuss  the  project  of  a Foreign  Mission  School.  An 
organization  was  effected  under  the  American  Board  that 
autumn,  at  the  house  of  President  Dwight,  three  months 
before  his  death.  Next  year  the  school  opened.  Its  first 
principal  was  Mr.  Edwin  W.  Dwight,  — who  found  Oboo- 
kiah in  tears  at  Yale  College,  — and  among  its  first  pupils 
were  Obookiah,  Tenooe,  Hopu,  and  two  other  Hawaiian 
youths,  with  Samuel  Ruggles  and  Elisha  Loomis. 

But  Obookiah  was  never  to  carry  the  gospel  in  person 
to  his  countrymen.  God  had  a wiser  use  for  him.  In 
nine  mouths  from  the  opening  of  the  Mission  School,  he 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISEANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  3 


closed  a consistent  Christian  life  with  a peaceful  Christian 
death.  The  lively  interest  which  had  been  gathering 
round  him  was  profoundly  deepened  by  his  end  and  the 
memoir  of  his  life,  and  was  rapidly  crystallizing  into  a 
mission.  Being  dead,  he  yet  spoke  with  an  emphasis 
and  an  eloquence  that  never  would  have  been  given  him  in 
his  life.  The  touching  story  drew  legacies  from  the  dying, 
and  tears,  prayers,  donations,  and  consecrations  from 
the  living.  “ O,  what  a wonderful  thing,”  he  once  had 
said,  “ that  the  hand  of  Divine  Providence  has  brought 
me  here  from  that  heathenish  darkness ! And  here  I 
have  found  the  name  of  the  Lord  Jesus  in  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures, and  have  read  that  his  blood  was  shed  for  many. 
My  poor  countrymen,  who  arc  yet  living  in  the  region 
and  shadow  of  death  ! — I often  feel  for  them  in  the  night 
season,  concerning  the  loss  of  their  souls.  May  the  Lord 
Jesus  dwell  in  my  heart,  and  prepare  me  to  go  and  spend 
the  remainder  of  my  life  with  them.  But  not  my  will, 
but  thine,  O Lord,  be  done.” 

The  will  of  the  Lord  was  done.  The  coming  to  Amer- 
ica was  a more  “wonderful  thing”  than  he  thought. 
Ilis  mantle  fell  on  other  shoulders,  and  in  two  years  more 
a missionary  band  was  ready  for  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
llopu,  Tenooc,  and  John  llonoree,  natives  of  the  islands, 
were  to  be  accompanied  by  Hiram  Bingham  and  Asa 
Thurston,  young  graduates  of  Andover,  Dr.  Thomas 
Holman,  a young  physician,  Daniel  Chamberlain,  a sub- 
stantial farmer,  Samuel  Whitney,  mechanic  and  teacher, 
Samuel  Ruggles,  catechist  and  teacher,  and  Elisha 
Loomis,  printer  and  teacher.  All  the  Americans  were 
accompanied  by  their  wives,  and  Mr.  Chamberlain  by  a 
family  of  five  children.  Mr.  Iluggles  seems  to  have  been 
the  first  to  determine  upon  joining  the  mission,  and  Mr 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


Loomis  bad  been  a member  of  the  Mission  School.  With 
this  company  went  also  George  Tamoree  (Kamaulii), 
who  bad  been  a wanderer  in  America  for  fourteen  years, 
to  return  to  bis  father,  the  subject  king  of  Kauai. 

The  ordination  of  Messrs.  Bingham  and  Thurston  at 
Goshen,  Conn.,  drew  from  the  surrounding  region  a large 
assembly,  among  whom  were  a great  number  of  clergy- 
men, and  nearly  all  the  members  of  the  Mission  School, 
now  thirty  or  more  in  number;  and  “liberal  offerings” 
for  the  mission  came  in  “ from  all  quarters.”  A fort- 
night later  the  missionary  band  was  organized  at  Boston 
into  a church  of  seventeen  members ; public  services 
were  held  Friday  evening  and  Saturday  forenoon  in 
the  presence  of  “ crowded  ” houses,  at  the  Park  Street 
Church  ; and  on  the  Sabbath  six  hundred  communicants 
sat  with  them  at  the  table  of  the  Lord.  “ The  occasion,” 
says  the  “ Panoplist”  of  that  date,  “ was  one  of  the  most 
interesting  and  solemn  which  can  exist  in  this  world.” 
On  Saturday,  the  23d  of  October,  1819,  a Christian 
assembly  stood  upon  Long  Wharf,  and  sang,  “ Blest  be 
the  tie  that  binds.”  Thei-e  was  a prayer  by  Dr.  Worces- 
ter, a farewell  speech  by  Hopu,  a song  by  the  mission- 
aries, “ When  shall  we  all  meet  again  ; ” and  a fourteen- 
oared  barge  swiftly  conveyed  the  little  band  from  their 
weeping  friends  to  the  brig  Thaddeus,  which  was  to 
carry  the  destiny  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 

AVhile  the  missionaries  are  on  their  way,  let  us  take  a 
look  at  the  people  whom  they  were  going  to  reclaim. 
The  ten  islands  of  the  Hawaiian  group  — an  area  some- 
what less  than  Massachusetts — were  peopled  by  a well- 
formed,  muscular  race,  with  olive  complexions  and  open 
countenances,  in  the  lowest  stages  of  barbarism,  sensu- 
ality, and  vice.  The  children  went  stark  naked  till 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  5 


(hey  were  nine  or  ten  years  old  ; and  tlie  men  and  women 
wore  the  scantiest  apology  for  clotliing,  which  neither  sex 
liesitated  to  leave  in  the  hut  at  home  before  they  passed 
through  the  village  to  the  surf.  The  king  came  more 
than  once  from  the  surf  to  the  house  of  Mr.  Riiggles  with 
his  five  wives,  all  in  a state  of  nudity ; and  on  being  in- 
formed of  the  impropriety,  he  came  the  next  time  dressed 
— with  a pair  of  silk  stockings  and  a hat!  The  natives 
had  hardly  more  modesty  or  shame  than  so  many  animals. 
Husbands  had  many  wives,  and  wives  many  husbands, 
and  exchanged  with  each  other  at  pleasure.  The  most 
revolting  forms  of  vice,  as  Captain  Cook  had  occasion  to 
know,  were  practiced  in  open  sight.  When  a foreign 
vessel  came  to  the  harbor,  the  women  would  swim  to  it 
in  flocks  for  the  vilest  of  purposes.  Two  thirds  of  all  the 
children,  probably,  were  destroyed  in  infancy  — strangled 
or  buried  alive. 

The  nation  practiced  human  sacrifice  ; and  there  is  a 
cord  now  at  the  iMissiouary  Rooms,  Chicago,  with  which 
one  high  priest  had  strangled  twenty-three  human  victims. 
Tliey  Avere  a race  of  perpetual  thieves  ; even  kings  and 
chiefs  kept  servants  for  the  special  purpose  of  stealing. 
They  were  wholesale  gamblers,  and  latterly  drunkards. 
Thoroughly  savage,  they  seemed  almost  destitute  of  fixed 
liabits.  AVhen  food  was  plenty,  they  would  take  six  or 
seven  meals  a day,  and  even  rise  in  the  night  to  eat;  at 
other  times  they  would  eat  but  once  a day,  or  perhaps  go 
almost  fasting  for  two  or  three  days  together.  And  for 
purposes  of  sleep  the  day  and  the  night  were  much  alike. 
Science  they  had  none  ; no  written  language,  nor  the  least 
conception  of  any  mode  of  communicating  thought  but  by 
oral  speech. 

A race  that  destroyed  their  OAvn  children  liad  little 


6 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


tender  mercy.  Sons  often  buried  their  aged  parents 
alive,  or  left  them  to  perish.  The  sick  were  abandoned 
to  die  of  want  and  neglect.  Maniacs  were  stoned  to 
death.  Captives  were  tortured  and  slain.  The  whole 
system  of  government  and  religion  was  to  the  last  degree 
oppressive.  The  lauds,  their  products,  and  occupants 
were  the  property  of  the  chiefs  and  the  king.  The  per- 
sons and  power  of  the  high  chiefs  were  protected  by  a 
crushing  system  of  restrictions,  called  tabus.  It  was 
tabu  and  death  for  a common  man  to  let  his  shadow  fall 
upon  a chief,  to  go  upon  his  house,  enter  his  enclosure, 
or  wear  his  Jcapa,  to  stand  when  the  king’s  Jcapa  or  his 
bathing  water  was  carried  by,  or  his  name  mentioned  in 
song.  In  these  and  a multitude  of  other  ways,  “ men’s 
beads  lay  at  tlie  feet  of  the  king  and  the  chiefs.”  In  like 
manner  it  was  ttibu  for  a woman  to  eat  with  her  husband, 
or  to  eat  fowl,  pork,  cocoa-nut,  or  banana,  — things  offered 
to  the  idols,  — and  death  was  the  penalty.  The  priest, 
too,  came  in  with  his  tabus  and  his  exactions  for  his  idols. 
There  were  six  principal  gods  with  names,  and  au  in- 
definite number  of  spirits.  Whatsoever  the  priest  de- 
manded for  the  god  — food,  a house,  land,  human  sacri- 
fice— must  be  forthcoming.  If  he  pronounced  a day 
tabu,  the  man  who  was  found  in  a canoe,  or  even  enjoy- 
ing the  company  of  his  family,  died.  If  any  one  made 
a noise  when  prayers  were  saying,  or  if  the  priest  pro- 
nounced him  irreligious,  he  died.  When  a temple  was 
built,  and  the  people  had  finished  the  toil,  some  of  them 
\ ere  ofi’ered  in  sacrifice.  In  all  these  modes,  the  oppres- 
biou  of  the  nation  was  enormous. 

The  race  had  once  been  singularly  healthy.  They  told 
the  first  missionaries  — an  exaggeration,  of  course  — that 
formerly  they  died  only  of  old  age.  But  foreign  sailors 


IN  THK  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  7 

had  introduced  diseases,  reputable,  and  especially  dis- 
reputable ; and  now,  between  the  desolations  of  war,  in- 
fanticide, and  infamous  diseases  widely  spread  by  general 
licentiousness,  the  nation  was  rapidly  wasting  away. 

Such  was  the  forbidding  race  on  whom  the  missionaries 
were  to  try  the  power  of  the  cross.  “ Probably  none  of 
you  will  live  to  witness  the  downfall  of  Idolatry,”  — so 
said  the  Rev.  Mr.  Kellogg  to  Mr.  Ruggles,  as  they  took 
breakfast  together  at  East  Windsor,  the  morning  before 
he  left  home.  And  so  thought,  no  doubt,  the  whole  com- 
munity. But  God’s  thoughts  are  not  as  our  thoughts. 

IIopu  called  up  his  friend  Ruggles  at  one  o’clock  on  a 
moonlight  night  (March  31),  to  get  the  first  glimpse  of 
Hawaii ; and  at  daybreak  the  snow-capped  peak  of 
Mauua  Kea  was  in  full  view.  A few  hours  more,  and 
IIopu  pointed  out  the  valley  where  he  was  born.  A boat 
is  put  off,  with  Iloj)u  and  others  in  it,  which  encounters 
some  fishermen,  and  returns.  As  the  boat  nears  the  ves- 
sel, IIopu  is  seen  swinging  his  hat  in  the  air  ; and  as  soon 
as  he  airives  within  hail,  he  shouts,  “Oahu’s  idols  are  no 
more  ! ” Ou  coming  aboard,  he  brings  the  thrilling  news 
that  the  old  king  Kamchameha  is  dead  ; that  Liholiho, 
his  son,  succeeds  him  ; that  the  images  of  the  gods  are 
all  burned;  that  the  men  are  all  “ Inoahs,”  — they  eat 
with  the  women  ; that  but  one  chief  was  killed  in  settling 
the  government,  and  he  for  refusing  to  destroy  his  gods. 
Next  day  the  message  was  confirmed.  Kamehaineha, 
a remarkable  man,  had  passed  away.  On  his  death-bed 
he  asked  an  American  trader  to  tell  him  about  the  Amer- 
icans’ God  ; but,  said  the  native  informant,  in  his  broken 
Euglish,  “ He  no  tell  him  anything.”  All  the  remaining 
intelligence  was  also  true.  The  missionaries  wrote  in 
their  journal,  “ Sing,  O heavens,  for  the  Lord  hath  done 
E 


8 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


it.”  Tlie  brig  soon  anchored  in  Kailua  Bay,  the  king’s 
residence  ; and  a fourteen  days’  consultation  between  the 
king  and  chiefs  followed.  Certain  foreigners  opposed 
their  landing ; “ they  had  come  to  conquer  the  islands.” 
“ Then,”  said  the  chiefs,  “ they  would  not  have  brought 
their  women.”  The  decision  was  favorable.  Messrs.  Bing- 
ham, Loomis,  Chamberlain,  and  Honoree  go  to  Oahu  ; 
and  Messrs.  Buggies  and  Whitney  accompany  the  young 
Tamoree  to  his  father,  the  subject  king  of  Kauai.  The 
meeting  of  father  and  son  was  deeply  affecting.  The  old 
king,  for  his  son’s  sake,  adopted  Mr.  Buggies  also  as  his 
son,  and  gave  him  a tract  of  land,  with  the  power  of  a 
chief.  He  prepared  him  a house,  soon  built  a school-house 
and  chapel,  and  followed  him  with  acts  of  friendship  which 
Avere  of  great  benefit  to  tlie  mission  Avhile  the  king  lived, 
and  after  his  death.  He  himself  became  a hopeful  con- 
vert, and  in  1824  died  in  the  faith. 

When  the  missionaries  were  landed  the  brig  sailed, 
leaving  them,  out  of  three  years’  supplies  provided  by 
the  Board,  one  barrel  of  pork,  one  of  beef,  and  one  of 
flour.  But  the  kindness  of  the  natives  saved  the  mission 
from  Avant. 

And  noAV  the  missionaries  settled  down  to  their  Avork. 
They  had  found  a nation  sunk  in  ignorance,  sensuality, 
and  vice,  and  nominally  Avithout  a religion,  though, 
really,  still  in  the  grasp  of  many  of  their  old  supersti- 
tions. The  old  religion  had  been  discarded  chiefly  on 
account  of  its  burdensomeness.  We  cannot  here  recount 
all  the  agencies,  outer  and  inner,  Avhich  brought  about 
this  remarkable  couvulsion.  But  no  religious  motives 
seem  to  have  had  any  special  power.  Indeed,  King 
Liholiho  Avas  intoxicated  Avhen  he  dealt  to  the  system 
Its  finishing  stroke  by  compelling  his  wives  to  eat  pork. 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  9 


Anri  by  a providence  as  remarkable  as  inscrutable,  tlie 
high  priest  threw  his  whole  weight  into  the  scale.  Into 
this  opening,  tints  signally  furnished  by  the  hand  of  God, 
the  missionaries  entered  with  wonder  and  gratitude. 
Tlie  natives  educated  in  America  proved  less  serviceable 
than  was  expected.  Tenooe  was  soon  excommunicated  ; 
although  in  later  years  he  recovered,  and  lived  and  dieil 
a well-reputed  Christian.  IIopu  and  Honoree,  while  tliey 
continued  faithful,  had  partly  lost  their  native  tongue, 
lacked  the  highest  skill  as  interpreters,  and  naturally 
failed  in  judgment,  llojni,  at  the  opening  of  the  first 
revival,  was  found  busy  in  arranging  the  inquirers  on 
his  right  hand  and  his  left  hand,  respectively,  as  they 
answered  yes  or  no  to  tlie  single  question,  “ Do  you  love 
your  enemies?”  and  was  greatly  disturbed  at  being  inter- 
rupted. 

• The  king  and  the  chiefs,  with  their  families,  were  the 
first  pupils.  Tliey  insisted  on  the  privilege.  Within 
three  months  the  king  could  read  the  English  language, 
and  in  six  mouths  several  chiefs  could  both  read  and 
write.  The  missionaries  devoted  themselves  vigorously 
to  the  work  of  reducing  the  native  speech  to  writing;  and 
in  less  than  two  years  the  first  sheet  of  a native  spelling- 
book  was  printed  — followed  by  the  second,  however,  only 
after  the  lapse  of  six  mouths.  From  time  to  time  several 
accessions  of  laborers  were  received  from  America,  and 
various  changes  of  location  took  place.  The  first  bap- 
tized native  was  Keopuolani,  the  mother  of  the  king;  and 
others  of  the  high  chiefs  were  among  the  earlier  converts. 
The  leading  personages,  for  the  most  part,  showed  much 
readiness  to  adopt  the  suggestions  of  the  missionaries. 
In  1824  the  principal  chiefs  formally  agreed  to  recognize 
the  Sabbath,  and  to  adopt  the  ten  commandments  as  the 


10 


EKETCUES  OF  TUE  MISSIONS. 


basis  of  government.  They  also  soon  passed  a law  for- 
bidding females  to  visit  the  ships  for  immoral  purposes. 

The  gravest  obstacles  encountered  came  from  vile  cap- 
tains and  crews  of  English  and  American  ves.sels.  They 
became  ferocious  towards  the  influences  and  the  men  that 
checked  their  lusts.  The  British  whale-ships  Daniel,  and 
John  Palmer,  and  the  American  armed  schooner  Dolphin, 
commanded  by  Lieutenant  Percival,  were  prominent  in 
open  outrage.  The  house  of  missionary  Richards  was 
twice  assailed  by  the  ruffians  of  the  ship  Daniel,  encour- 
aged by  their  captain.  On  one  occasion  they  came  and 
demanded  his  influence  to  repeal  the  law  against  prostitu- 
tion. On  his  refusal,  they,  in  the  presence  of  his  feeble 
wife,  threatened,  with  horrid  oaths,  to  destroy  his  prop- 
erty, his  house,  his  life,  and  the  lives  of  all  his  family. 
Two  days  after,  forty  men  returned,  with  a black  flag, 
and  armed  with  knives,  repeating  the  demand.  The 
chiefs  at  length  called  out  a company  of  two  hundred 
men,  armed  with  muskets  and  spears,  and  drove  them 
oflf.  The  crew  of  the  Dolphin,  with  knives  and  clubs,  on 
the  Siibbath  assailed  a small  religious  assembly  of  chiefs, 
gathered  at  the  house  of  one  of  their  number,  who  was 
sick.  Mr.  Bingham,  who  was  also  present,  fell  into  their 
hands,  on  his  way  to  protect  his  house,  and  barely  escaped 
Avith  his  life  from  the  blow  of  a club  and  the  thrust  of  a 
knife,  being  rescued  by  the  natives.  A mob  of  English 
and  American  ■whalemen,  in  October,  182G,  started  for 
the  house  of  Mr.  Richards,  at  Lahaiua,  with  the  inten- 
tion of  taking  his  life.  Not  finding  him,  they  pillaged 
the  town  ; while  all  the  native  Avomen,  from  a population 
of  four  thousand,  fled  i’rom  their  lust,  for  refuge  in  the 
mountains.  A year  later,  the  family  of  Mr.  Richards 
took  refuge  in  the  cellar  from  the  cannon-balls  of  the 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISL  iNDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  11 


John  Palmer,  which  passed  over  the  roof  of  the  house. 
When  printed  copies  of  the  ten  commandments  were 
about  to  be  issued,  this  class  of  men  carried  their  opposi- 
tion, with  threats,  before  the  king.  At  Honolulu,  while 
the  matter  was  pending,  Mr.  Riiggles  was  approached  by 
an  American  captain,  bearing  the  satirical  name  of  Meek, 
who  flourished  his  dagger,  and  angrily  declared  himself 
ready  “to  bathe  his  hands  in  the  heart’s  blood  of  every 
missionary  who  had  anything  to  do  with  it.”  At  one 
time,  twenty-one  sailors  came  up  the  hill,  with  clubs, 
threatening  to  kill  the  missionaries  unless  they  were 
furnished  with  women.  The  natives,  gathering  for  wor- 
ship, immediately  thronged  around  the  house  so  thickly 
that  they  were  intimidated,  and  sneaked  away.  At 
another  time,  fourteen  of  them  surrounded  the  mis- 
sionary, with  the  same  demand,  but  were  frightened  off 
by  the  resolute  bearing  of  the  noble  chief  Kapiolani  — a 
majestic  woman,  six  feet  high  — who,  arriving  at  the  in- 
stant, swung  her  umbrella  over  her  head,  with  the  crisp 
words,  “ Be  off  in  a moment,  or  I will  have  every  one 
of  you  in  irons.”  She  was  the  same  Christian  heroine 
who,  in  1824,  broke  the  terrible  spell  which  hung  over 
the  volcano  Kilauea,  by  venturing  down  into  the  crater, 
in  defiance  of  the  goddess  Pele,  hurling  stones  into  the 
boiling  lake,  and  worshiping  Jehovah  on  its  black  ledge. 

It  is  easy  to  understand  why  a certain  class  of  captains 
and  sailors  have  always  pronounced  the  Sandwich  Islands 
mission  a wretched  failure. 

The  missionaries  labored  on  undaunted.  Eight  years 
from  their  lauding  found  them  at  work,  some  thirty-two 
in  number,  with  lour  hundred  and  forty  native  teachers, 
twelve  thousand  Sabbath  heai’ers,  and  twenty-six  thou- 
sand pupils  in  their  schools.  At  this  time,  about  fifty 


12 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


Datives,  including  Kaahumanu,  the  Queen  Regent,  and 
many  of  the  principal  chiefs,  were  members  of  the  church. 
And  now,  in  the  year  1828,  the  dews  of  heaven  began  to 
fall  visibly  upon  the  mission.  For  two  or  three  years 
the  way  had  been  preparing.  Kaahumanu,  converted  in 
1828,  and  several  other  high  chiefs,  had  thrown  them- 
selves vigorously  and  heartily  into  the  work.  “ They 
made  repeated  tours  around  all  the  principal  islands,” 
Sivys  Mr.  Dibble,  “ assembling  the  people  from  village  to 
village,  and  delivering  addresses  day  after  day,  in  which 
they  prohibited  immoral  acts,  enjoined  the  observance  of 
the  Sabbath,  encouraged  the  people  to  learn  to  read,  and 
exhorted  them  to  turn  to  God,  and  to  love  and  obey  the 
Saviour  of  sinners.”  “ The  effect  was  electrical  — per- 
vading at  once  every  island  of  the  group,  every  obscure 
village  and  district,  and  operating  with  immense  power 
on  all  grades  and  conditions  of  society.  The  chiefs  gave 
orders  to  the  people  to  erect  houses  of  worship,  to  build 
school-houses,  and  to  learn  to  read  — they  readily  did 
so  ; to  listen  to  the  instructions  of  the  missionaries  — they 
at  once  came  in  crowds  for  that  purpose.”  About  this 
time,  too  (May,  1825),  the  remains  of  King  Liholiho 
and  Ids  wife  were  brought  back  from  their  unfortunate 
expedition  to  England,  where  they  died  from  the  measles. 
Their  attending  chiefs  filled  the  ears  of  the  people  with 
what  they  saw  in  England  ; and  Lord  Byron,  commander 
of  the  British  frigate  which  brought  the  remains,  gave  an 
honorable  testimony  to  the  missionaides. 

These  various  influences  caused  a great  rush  to  hear 
the  Word  of  God.  The  people  would  come  regularly, 
ifty  or  sixty  miles,  traveling  the  whole  of  Saturday,  to 
itteud  Sabbath  worship ; and  would  gatlier  in  little  com- 
panies, from  every  point  of  the  compass,  like  the  tribes 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  13 

as  they  went  up  to  Jerusalem.  Meauwliile,  the  printed 
Word  was  circulated  throughout  the  villages. 

At  length  the  early  fruits  appeared.  In  the  year  1828, 
a gracious  work  hegau,  simultaneously  and  without  com- 
munication, in  the  islands  of  Hawaii,  Oahu,  and  Maui. 
It  came  unexpectedly.  The  transactions  at  Kaawaloa 
(Hawaii)  well  illustrate  the  work.  Mr.  Ruggles  was 
away  from  home,  with  Mr.  Bishop,  on  an  excursion  to 
visit  the  schools  of  the  island.  Tliey  liad  been  w'recked, 
and  had  swum  ashore.  Two  natives,  who  were  sent  home 
for  shoes  and  clothing,  brought  a message  from  Mrs.  Ilug- 
gles  to  her  husband,  requesting  his  immediate  return,  for 
“ strange  things  were  happening  — the  natives  were  com- 
ing in  companies,  inquiring  what  they  sliould  do  to  be 
saved.”  He  hastened  back,  and  found  the  house  sur- 
rounded from  morning  till  night,  and  almost  from  niglit 
till  morning.  A company  of  ten  or  twenty  would  be  re- 
ceived into  the  liouse,  and  anotlier  company  would  wait 
their  turn  at  the  gate.  So  it  went  on  for  weeks,  and 
even  months,  and  the  missionaries  could  get  no  rest  or 
refreshment,  except  as  tliey  called  in  Kapiolani  and 
others  of  the  converted  chiefs  to  relieve  tliem.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Ruggles  liad  tlie  names  of  twenty-five  hundred  in- 
quirers on  their  books.  Witli  multitudes,  it  was,  uo  doubt, 
but  sympathy  or  fashion  ; but  there  were  also  a large 
number  of  real  inquirers,  and  many  hopeful  conversions. 
All  the  converts  were  kept  in  training  classes  a year  be- 
fore they  were  admitted  to  the  church,  and  then  only  on 
the  strictest  examination.  During  the  two  following 
years,  three  hundred  and  fifty  persons  were  received  to 
communion  at  the  several  stations.  For  a time  the  work 
seemed  to  lull  again,  but  in  1836  the  whole  aspect  of 
the  field  was  so  inviting  that  the  Board  sent  out  a strong 


14 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


missionary  rc-cnforcenieut  of  thirty-two  persons,  male  and 
female. 

At  this  time,  and  for  the  following  year,  the  hearts  of 
the  missionaries  were  singularly  drawn  out  in  desires  and 
prayers  for  the  conversion,  not  only  of  the  islands,  but  of 
America  and  of  the  world.  And  scarcely  had  the  new 
laborers  been  assigned  to  their  places,  and  learned  the 
language,  when  (in  1838)  there  began,  and  continued  for 
six  years,  one  of  the  most  remarkable  awakenings  that 
the  world  has  ever  witnessed.  All  hearts  seemed  tender. 
Whenever  tlie  Word  was  preached,  conviction  and  con- 
versions followed.  The  churches  roused  up  to  self- 
examination  and  prayer;  the  stupid  listened;  the  vile 
and  groveling  learned  to  feel ; the  congregations  became 
immense,  and  sometimes  left  their  churches  (or  the  open 
air,  and  the  prayer  meetings  left  the  lecture-room  for  the 
body  of  the  church.  There  were  congregations  of  four, 
live,  and  six  thousand  persons.  The  labors  of  the  mis- 
sionaries were  almost  incredible.  They  traveled  through 
the  islands,  facing  the  storms  and  climbing  the  ravines, 
visiting,  preaching,  conversing,  examining,  in  season,  out 
of  season.  They  preached  from  seven  to  twenty,  or  even 
thirty  times  a week  ; and  the  sense  of  guilt  in  the  hearers 
often  broke  forth  in  groans  and  loud  cries.  Probably 
many  indiscretions  were  committed,  and  there  were  many 
spurious  conversions.  But,  after  all  allowances,  time 
show’cd  that  a wonderful  work  was  wrought.  During 
the  six  years  from  1838  to  1843,  inclusive,  twenty-seven 
thousand  persons  were  admitted  to  the  churches.  In 
some  instances  the  crowds  to  be  baptized  on  a given 
Sabbath  required  extraordinary  modes  of  baptism  ; and 
Mr.  Coau,  whose  labors  were  incessant,  and  who  baptized 
some  seven  thousand  persons,  is  said  to  have  sprinkled 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  15 


water  with  a brush  upon  the  candidates  as  they  came 
before  liiin  in  throngs. 

Tlie  next  twenty  years  added  more  than  twenty  thou- 
sand other  members  to  tlie  cliurches,  making  the  whole 
number  received,  up  to  the  end  of  the  connection  with 
the  American  Board  in  18G3,  some  fifty  thousand  souls. 
Many  of  these  had  then  been  excommunicated  — in  some 
instances,  it  ivas  thought,  too  hastily  ; many  thousand  had 
gone  home  to  heaven,  and  in  1863  some  twenty  thousand 
still  survived  iu  connection  with  the  churches. 

At  length  came  the  time  when  the  islands  were  to  be 
recognized  as  a nominally  Christian  nation,  and  the  re- 
sponsibility of  their  Christian  institutions  was  to  be  rolled 
off  upon  themselves.  In  June,  1863,  Dr.  Anderson, 
Senior  Secretary  of  the  American  Board,  met  with  the 
Hawaiian  Evangelical  Associatiou  to  discuss  this  im- 
portant measure.  After  twenty-one  days  of  debate,  the 
result  was  reached  with  perfect  unanimity,  and  the  As- 
sociation agreed  to  assume  the  responsibility  hitherto 
sustained  by  the  Board.  This  measure  was  consum- 
mated by  tbe  Board  in  the  autumn  following,  and  those 
stations  no  longer  look  to  the  American  churches  for 
management  and  control.  “ The  mission  has  been,  as 
such,  disbanded  and  merged  in  the  community.” 

On  the  15th  of  January,  1864,  at  Queen’s  Hospital, 
Honolulu,  died  William  Kanui  (Tenooe),  aged  sixty- 
six  years,  the  last  of  the  native  youth  who  gave  rise  to 
the  mission  and  accompanied  the  first  missionaries.  He 
had  wandered  — had  been  excommunicated  — and  was 
restored  ; and  after  many  years  of  faithful  service  he  died 
in  the  triumph  of  faith.  In  his  last  sickness  he  used  “ to 
recount  the  wonderful  ways  ” in  which  God  had  led  him. 
“The  names  of  Cornelius,  Mills,  Beecher,  Daggett,  Pren- 


16 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


lice,  Griffin,  and  others  were  often  on  his  lips ; ” and  he 
went,  no  doubt,  to  join  them  all  above.  God  had  spared 
his  life  to  see  the  whole  miraculous  change  that  had  lifted 
his  nation  fiom  the  depths  of  degradation  to  civilization 
and  Christianity.  Could  the  spirit  of  Henry  Obookiah 
have  stood  in  Honolulu,  soon  after  tlie  funeral  of  Kauui, 
he  would  have  hardly  recognized  his  native  island,  ex- 
cept by  its  great  natural  landmarks.  He  would  have 
seen  the  city  of  Honolulu,  once  a place  of  grass  huts  and 
filthy  lanes,  now  marked  by  substantial  houses  and  side- 
walks, and  a general  air  of  civilization ; a race  of  once 
naked  savages  decently  attired,  and  living,  some  of  them, 
in  comparative  refinement;  a nation  of  readers,  whom  he 
left  without  an  alpliabet ; Christian  marriage  firmly  estab- 
lished in  place  of  almost  promiscuous  concubinage;  prop- 
erty in  the  interior  exposed  with  absolute  security  for  an 
indefinite  time,  where  formerly  nothing  was  safe  for  an 
hour  ; the  islands  dotted  with  a hundred  capacious  church 
edifices,  built  by  native  hands,  some  of  them  made  of 
stone,  most  of  them  with  bells ; a noble  array  of  several 
hundred  common  schools,  two  female  seminaries,  a Nor- 
mal school  for  natives,  a high-school  that  furnished  the 
first  scholar  to  one  of  the  classes  in  Williams  College ; a 
theological  seminary  and  twenty-nine  native  preachers, 
besides  eighteen  male  and  female  missionaries  sent  to 
the  Marquesas  Islands ; near  twenty  thousand  living 
church  members ; a government  with  a settled  constitu- 
tion, a legislature,  and  courts  of  justice,  and  avowing  the 
Christian  religion  to  be  “ the  established  national  religion 
of  the  Hawaiian  Islands.” 

Tliese  facts  exhibit  tlie  bright  and  marvelous  aspect  of 
ihe  case.  But,  of  course,  they  have  their  drawbacks. 
The  Sandwich  Islands  are  not  Paradise,  nor  even  Amer* 


IN  TUE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC. 

ica.  The  plane  of  ci%’ilization  is,  as  it  must  be,  far  below 
that  of  our  own  country.  The  old  habits  still  shade  into 
the  ncAV.  I’eculiar  temptations  to  intemperance  and  licen- 
tiousness come  down  by  inheritance.  Foreign  interven- 
tions and  oppositions  have  been,  and  still  are,  grave  hin- 
drances. Cliurch  members  but  fifty  years  removed  from 
a state  of  brntalism  cannot,  and  do  not,  show  the  stability, 
intelligence,  and  culture  of  those  who  inherit  the  Christian 
influences  of  a thousand  years. 

But  the  amazing  transformatiou  of  the  islands  is  a fact 
attested  not  alone  by  the  statements  of  the  missionaries, 
or  of  the  Board  tliat  employed  tliem.  The  most  generous 
teslimouy  lias  come  from  other  sources.  The  Rev.  F.  S. 
Rising,  of  the  American  Cliurch  iSIissionary  Society,  ex- 
plored the  islands  in  18G6,  lor  the  express  purpose  of 
testing  the  question.  lie  visited  nearly  every  mission 
station,  examined  the  institutions,  religious,  educational, 
social ; made  the  personal  acquaintance  of  the  missionaries 
of  all  creeds,  and  conversed  with  jiersons  of  every  profes- 
sion and  social  grade.  And  he  writes  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  American  Board,  “The  deeper  I pushed  my  investi- 
gations, the  stronger  became  my  conviction,  that  what 
had  been  ou  your  part  necessarily  an  experimental  work 
in  modern  missions  had,  under  God,  proved  an  eminent 
.'uccess.  Fvery  sunrise  brought  me  new  reasons  I’or 
admiring  the  power  of  divine  grace,  which  can  lift  the 
poor  out  of  the  dust,  and  set  him  among  princes.  Every 
sunsetting  gave  me  fresh  cause  to  ble.ss  the  Lord  for  that 
iufluite  love  which  enables  us  (o  bring  to  our  fellow-men 
such  rich  blessings  as  your  missionaries  have  bestowed 
on  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  To  me  it  seemed  marvelous 
that  in  comparatively  so  few  years,  the  social,  political, 
and  religious  life  of  the  nation  should  have  undergone  so 


l.s 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


raclijal  and  blessed  a change  as  ii  has.  Looking  at  the 
kingdom  of  Ilawaii-nei,  as  it  to-day  has  its  recognized 
place  among  the  world’s  sovereignties,  I cannot  but  see 
in  it  one  of  the  brightest  trophies  of  the  power  of  the 
cross.”  “What  of  Hawaiian  Christianity?  I would 
apply  to  it  the  same  test  by  which  we  measure  the 
Christianity  of  our  own  and  other  lands.  There  aie 
certain  outward  .signs  which  indicate  that  it  has  a high 
place  in  the  national  respect,  conscience,  and  affection. 
Possessing  these  visible  marks,  we  declare  of  any  country 
that  it  is  Christian.  The  Hawaiian  kingdom,  for  this 
reason,  is  properly  and  truly  called  so.  The  constitu- 
tion recognizes  the  Christian  faith  as  the  religion  of  tiie 
nation.  Tlie  Bible  is  I'oiind  in  almost  every  hut.  Prayer 
— social,  lamily,  and  indi\idual  — is  a popular  habit. 
The  Lord’s  day  is  more  sacredly  observed  than  in  New’ 
York.  Churches  of  stone  or  brick  dot  the  valleys  and 
crowu  the  hill-tops,  and  have  been  built  by  the  voluntary 
contributions  of  the  utitives.  There  the  Word  is  preached, 
and  the  sacraments  administered.  Sunday  schools  abound. 
The  contributions  of  the  people  for  religious  uses  are  very 
generous,  and  there  is  ii  native  ministry  growing  in  num- 
bers and  iiidueuce,  girded  for  carrying  on  the  work  so 
well  begun.  The  past  history  of  the  Hawaiian  mission 
abounds  with  bright  examples,  like  Kaahumanu  and 
Kapiolani,  and  some  were  pointed  out  to  me  as  I went 
to  and  fro.  They  were  at  one  time  notoriously  wicked. 
Their  lives  are  manifestly  changed.  They  are  striving 
to  be  holy  in  their  hearts  and  lives.  They  are  fond  of  the 
Bible,  of  the  sanctuary,  tind  prayer.  Their  theology  may 
be  crude,  but  their  faith  iu  Christ  is  simple  and  tenacious. 
A.ud  when  we  see  some  such  in  every  congregation,  we 
know  that  the  work  has  not  been  altogether  in  vain. 


IN  TUK  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  19 


In  18C0  Richard  II.  Dana,  Esq.,  a distinguished  Boston 
lawyer,  of  the  PIpiscopal  Cliuich,  gave  a similar  testi- 
mony in  the  New  York  Trihune,  during  liis  visit  to 
the  islands.  Among  other  tilings,  he  mentions  that 
“ the  proportion  of  inhabitants  who  can  read  and  write 
is  greater  than  in  New  England  ; ” that  they  may  be  seen 
“ going  to  school  and  public  worship  with  more  regularity 
than  the  people  at  home  ; ” that  after  attending  the  ex- 
amination of  Oahu  College,  “ he  advised  the  young  men 
to  remiiin  thei'e  to  tlie  end  of  their  course  [then  extend- 
ing only  to  Junior  year],  as  they  could  not  pass  the 
Freshman  and  Sophomore  years  more  profitably  else- 
where, in  my  judiiment ; ” that  “ in  no  place  in  the  world 
that  I have  visited  are  the  rules  which  control  vice  and 
regulate  amusement  so  strict,  yet  so  reasonable,  and  so 
fairly  enforced  that  “ in  the  interior  it  is  well  known 
that  a man  may  travel  alone  with  money  through  the 
wildest  spots  unarmed;”  and  that  he  “found  no  hut 
without  its  Bible  and  hymn  hook  in  the  native  tongue, 
and  the  practice  of  family  prayer  and  grace  before  meat, 
though  it  be  no  more  than  a calabash  of  poi  and  a few 
dried  fish,  and  whether  at  home  or  on  a journey,  is  as 
common  as  in  New  England  a century  ago.” 

There  is  one  sad  aspect  about  this  interesting  nation. 
The  population  has  been  steadily  declining  since  the 
islands  were  first  discovered.  Cook,  in  1773,  estimated 
the  number  of  inbabitants  at  four  hundred  thousand. 
This  estimate,  long  thought  to  be  exaggerated,  is  now 
supposed  to  be  not  far  from  the  truth.  But  in  1823,  wars, 
infanticide,  foreign  lust,  imported  drinks,  and  disease, 
had  reduced  them  to  the  estimated  number  of  one  hun- 
dred aud  forty-two  thousand  ; and  in  1830,  to  the  ascer- 
tained number  of  one  hundred  aud  thirty  thousand.  In 
F 


•20 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


tlie  lapse  of  a few  years  after  tlie  first  visits  of  foreign 
vessels,  half  the  population  are  said  to  have  been  swept 
away  with  diseases  induced  or  heiglitened  by  their  unholy 
intercourse.  The  mission  has  done  what  could  be  done 
to  save  the  nation.  But  the  wide  taint  of  infamous  dis- 
eases was  descending  down  tlie  national  life  before  the 
missionaries  reached  the  islands  ; and  the  flood-gates  of 
intemperance  were  wide  open.  The  gospel  has  retarded 
the  nation’s  decline.  But  foreign  influences  have  always 
interfered  — and  now,  perhaps,  more  than  ever.  The 
sale  of  ardent  spirits  Avas  once  checked,  but  is  now  free. 
The  present  monarch  stands  aloof  from  the  policy  of  some 
of  his  predecessors,  and  from  the  influence  of  our  mission- 
aries. And  the  population,  reduced  to  sixty-tw'o  thou- 
sand in  1866,  seems  to  be  steadily  declining.  The  Pa- 
cific Advertiser,  which  furnishes  the  facts,  finds  the 
chief  cause  in  the  fearful  prevalence,  still,  of  vice  and 
crime,  which  are  said  to  have  been  increasing  of  late  ; 
and  the  reason  for  this  increase  is  “ political  degrada- 
tion,” and  the  readiness  with  which  the  people  now  ob- 
tain intoxicating  drinks.  It  must  be  remembered  that 
“ in  the  height  of  the  whaling  season,  the  number  of 
transient  seamen  in  the  port  of  Honolulu  equals  half  the 
population  of  the  town  ; ” and  the  influences  they  bring 
breathe  largely  of  hell.  Commercial  forces  and  move- 
ments, meanwhile,  are  changing  the  islands.  The  lands 
are  already  passing  into  the  hands  of  foreign  capitalists, 
and  the  islands  are  falling  into  the  thoroughfare  of  the 
nations. 

The  proper  sequel,  therefore,  of  this  grand  missionary 
triumph  may  be  taken  away  ; and  the  race  itself,  as  a 
nation,  may  possibly  cease  to  be.  But  in  no  event  can 
the  value  or  the  glory  of  the  work  achieved  be  destroyed: 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  21 


Not  only  will  thousands  on  thousands  of  human  souls 
thereby  liave  been  brouglit  into  the  kingdom,  by  the  labor 
of  a Imndred  missionaries,  and  the  expenditure  of  perliaps 
a million  dollars  from  America,  but  a grand  experiment 
will  liave  been  tried  before  the  world,  and  an  imperish- 
able memorial  erected  for  all  time,  of  what  the  remedial 
power  of  the  gospel  can  accomplish,  in  an  incredibly  short 
time,  upon  a most  imbruted  race.  “ Fifty  years  ago,” 
says  Dr.  A.  P.  Peabody,  “ the  half-reasoning  elephant, 
or  the  tractable  and  troth-keeping  dog,  might  have  seemed 
the  peer,  or  more,  of  the  unreasoning  and  conscienceless 
Hawaiian.  From  that  very  race,  from  that  very  genera- 
tion, with  which  the  nobler  brutes  might  have  scorned  to 
claim  kindred,  have  been  developed  the  peers  of  saints 
and  angels.”  And  all  the  more  glorious  is  the  move- 
ment, that  the  nation  was  sunk  so  low,  and  was  so  rapid- 
ly wasting  away.  “ If  the  gospel,”  says  Dr.  Anderson, 
“ took  the  people  at  the  lowest  point  of  social  existence, 
— at  death’s  door,  when  beyond  tlie  reacli  of  all  human 
remedies,  with  the  causes  of  decline  and  destruction  all 
in  their  most  vigorous  operation,  — and  has  made  them 
a Christian  people,  checked  the  tide  of  depopulation,  and 
has  raised  the  nation  so  on  the  scale  of  social  life,  as  to 
have  gained  for  it  an  acknowledged  place  among  the  na- 
tions of  the  earth,  what  more  wonderful  illustration  can 
there  be  of  its  remedial  power?” 

The  history  of  the  Sandwich  Islands  will  stand  forever 
as  the  vindication  to  the  caviler  of  the  worth  of  Chris- 
tian missions,  and  as  a demonstration  to  the  Christian  of 
what  they  might  be  expected  to  accomplish  in  other  lands, 
if  prosecuted  with  a vigor  at  all  proportioned  to  the  na- 
ture and  extent  of  the  field,  and  crowned  with  the  bless* 
ing  of  God. 


22 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


The  mission  cluircli  mu.st  in  due  time  turn  missionary. 
So  rightly  reasoned  the  members  of  the  Sandwieh  Islands 
mission.  Thirty  years  had  elapsed  ; fifteen  hundred  dol- 
lars a year  were  collected  at  the  monthly  concert ; the 
first  native  pastor  had  been  ordained  by  a council  of 
native  churches,  and  in  the  same  year  the  members  of 
the  mission  proposed  that  Hawaiian  Christians  should 
carry  the  gospel  to  other  islands.  The  Prudential  Com- 
mittee at  Boston  warmly  approved  the  proposal.  Another 
year  (1850)  saw  the  Hawaiian  Missionary  Society  formed 
at  Honolulu. 

Two  thousand  miles  aAvay  to  the  south-west  of  Hono- 
lulu lie  an  immense  number  of  islands  — two  thousand 
or  more  — now  embraced  under  the  general  name  of 
Micronesia  — the  Little  Islands.  Scattered  in  groups 
known  by  various  appellations  — Ladrones,  Carolines, 
and  the  like  — tliey  stretch  from  three  degrees  south  to 
twenty  degrees  north  of  the  equator,  and  were  then  sup- 
posed to  contain  a population  of  two  hundred  thousand. 
Many  of  them  were  built  wholly  by  the  coral  insect,  and 
lie  flat  upon  the  water,  while  a few  of  them  are  basaltic 
islands,  M’ith  mountains  two  or  three  thousand  feet  in 
height.  These  various  groups  differ  in  language  and  in 
the  details  of  their  customs  and  superstitions,  but  agree 
in  the  general  characteristics  of  their  native  occupants. 
They  are  the  natural  homes  of  indolence  and  sensuality, 
of  theft  and  violence.  The  warmth  of  the  climate  ren- 
ders clothing  a superfluity,  and  houses  needless  except 
for  shade  ; while  the  constant  vegetation  of  the  tropics 
dispenses  with  accumulated  stores  of  food.  A race  of 
lawny  savages  stalk  round  almost  or  quite  naked,  swim 
like  fish  in  the  waters,  or  bask  in  the  sunshine  on  shore. 
They  prove  as  ready  to  catch,  as  vile  sailors  are  to  coin- 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  23 


mnnic.Tte,  the  vices  of  civilized  lands.  Intemperance  is 
an  easily  besetting  sin,  and  licentiousness  is,  with  rare 
exceptions,  the  general  and  almost  ineradicable  pollution 
of  the  Pacific  Islands.  But  in  the  Kingsmill  group  the 
missionaries  found  a people  who,  though  practicing  poly- 
gamy, held  in  honor  the  chastity  of  woman. 

The  attention  of  the  missionaries  was  turned  to  three 
of  these  groups  of  islands  — the  Caroline,  the  Marshall, 
or  Mulgrave,  and  the  Kingsmill,  or  Gilbert  Islands. 

The  eastern  portion  of  the  Caroline  chain  was  natural- 
ly fixed  upon  as  the  centre  of  operations  by  reason  of 
the  convenient  location  and  healthful  climate.  Two  of 
these,  Kusaie  and  Ponape,  were  the  first  to  be  occupied. 
Ponape,  or  Ascension  Island,  is  a high  basaltic  island, 
sixty  miles  in  circumference,  surrounded  by  ten  smaller 
basaltic  islands,  all  inclosed  within  a coral  reef.  It  rises 
to  the  height  of  two  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty 
feet,  and  has  its  rivers  and  waterfalls.  The  island  is  a 
physical  paradise,  with  a delightful  climate,  in  which  the 
range  of  the  thermometer  for  lliree  years  was  but  seven- 
teen degrees,  and  with  a various  and  luxuriant  vegeta- 
tion. Among  the  indigenous  products  are  the  bread- 
fruit, banana,  cocoa-nut,  taro,  sugar-cane,  ava,  arrowroot, 
sassafras,  Siigo,  wild  orange,  and  mango,  with  an  im- 
mense variety  of  timber  trees  ; while  lemons,  oranges, 
pine-apples,  coffee,  tamarinds,  guava,  tobacco,  and  other 
exotics  thrive  abundantly.  From  the  mangrove  trees 
that  line  the  sliore  the  ground  rises  by  a series  of  natural 
terraces ; and  while  twenty'  varieties  of  birds  fill  the  air 
witli  life,  a popnlation  of  five  thousand  people  are  so 
hidden  in  the  overhanging  forests  and  shrubbery  that  but 
for  an  occasional  canoe,  or  a smoke  ascending,  the  pas.**- 
ing  vessel  would  scarcely  know  it  to  be  inhabited.  The 


24 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


inliabitants  seem  to  be  of  Malay  descent,  and  the  place 
was  “a  moral  Sodom.” 

Kusaie,  or  Strong’s  Island,  the  easternmost  of  the 
Carolines,  is  one  of  a small  cluster,  and  is  about  thirty 
miles  in  circumference.  It  rises  to  the  height  of  two 
thousand  feet,  wooded  to  the  summit,  and  it  then  con- 
tained some  one  thousand  five  hundred  people,  strongly 
Asiatic  both  in  look  and  speech.  Here  polygamy  was 
unknown,  and  labor  comparatively  honorable.  Many  of 
the  inhabitants,  witli  an  unusual  quickness  of  apprehen- 
sion, had  learned  of  foreigners  a kind  of  broken  English 
before  the  missionaries  arrived,  and  the  Good  King 
George,  as  his  snbjects  called  him,  had,  with  surprising 
wisdom,  forbidden  the  tapping  of  the  cocoa-nut  tree  for 
the  manufacture  of  intoxicating  drink. 

Korth-east  of  Kusaie  lie  tlie  Marshall,  sometimes  called 
Mulgrave,  Islands,  subdivided  into  the  Radack  and  Ra- 
lick,  or  eastern  and  western  chains.  About  thirty  prin- 
cipal islands  compose  the  group.  They  are  all  of  coral 
formation,  but  much  higher,  more  fertile  and  inviting, 
than  the  Gilbert  group,  south  of  them.  Majuro,  or 
Arrowsmith,  for  example,  is  described  as  a magnificent 
island,  rising  eight  or  ten  1‘eet  above  the  water  at  the 
landing-place,  sprinkled  with  forests  of  breadfruit  and 
pandanus  trees,  and  abounding  with  cocoa-nuts  and  ba- 
nanas. The  population  of  the  whole  group  was  esti- 
mated at  twelve  thousand  or  upwards,  speaking,  to  some 
extent,  different  languages.  They  had  been  compara- 
tively uncontaminated  by  foreign  intercourse  from  their 
reputation  for  ferocity.  Several  vessels  had  been  cut  ofi’ 
by  them,  and  a great  number  of  foreigners  killed  at 
different  times,  in  retaliation  for  a former  deadly  attack 
upon  the  natives.  The  residence  of  the  king  and  priuci- 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  25 

pal  chiefs  was  at  Ebon  Island.  The  natives  are  in  some 
respects  superior  to  many  of  the  Pacific  islanders.  Their 
features  are  sharper,  their  persons  spare  and  athletic, 
and  tlieir  countenances  vivacious.  The  women  wear 
their  hair  smoothly  parted  on  the  forehead,  and  neatly 
rolled  up  in  the  neck,  sometimes  adorned  wdth  flowers, 
and  their  skirts,  flne  and  beautifully  braided  and  bor- 
dered, extend  from  the  waist  to  the  feet.  The  men  ex- 
hibit much  more  skill  than  is  common  in  this  region,  and 
are  fond  of  ornaments.  Their  comparative  intelligence 
and  exemption  from  foreign  influence  constituted  the  in- 
viting aspect  of  this  case  ; their  alleged  ferocity  the  for- 
midable feature^ 

South-east  from  the  Marshall  Islands,  on  both  sides 
of  the  equator,  lie  the  Kingsmill,  or  Gilbert  Islands. 
Fifteen  or  sixteen  principal  islands,  surrounded  by  a 
multitude  of  islets,  raised  by  the  coral  insect  barely 
above  the  level  of  the  ocean,  contain  a population  of 
thirty  or  forty  thousand,  speaking  mostly  a common 
language  resembling  the  Hawaiian.  The  land  is  densely 
covered  with  cocoa-nut  groves.  This  is  the  “ tree  of  a 
thousand  uses,”  furnishing  the  natives  almost  “ every- 
thing they  eat,  drink,  wear,  live  in,  or  use  in  any  way.” 
Their  hats,  clothing,  mats,  and  cords  are  made  from  its 
leaves  ; their  houses  are  built  from  its  timber  ; they  eat 
the  fruit,  drink  the  milk,  make  molasses  and  rum  from 
its  juice,  and  manufacture  from  it  immense  quantities  of 
oil  for  use  and  for  sale.  Their  religion  is  the  loosest 
system  of  spirit-worship,  without  priest,  idol,  or  temple. 
They  practice  polygamy.  The  children  go  naked  for  ten 
or  twelve  years.  The  men  wear  a girdle,  and  the  women 
a broader  mat  around  them.  Their  appearance  of  nudity 
is  relieved  by  the  tattooing  with  which  they  are  profusely 


26 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


and  skillfully  adorned.  The  considerable  population, 
the  unity  of  origin,  faith,  and  language,  and  the  general 
resemblance  of  their  speech  to  the  Hawaiian,  rendered 
this  group  inviting,  especially  to  the  Sandwich  Island 
laborers,  although  its  torrid  sun,  comparatively  barren 
soil,  and  limited  range  of  vegetation  made  it  not  alto- 
gether favorable  for  the  American  missionaries’  home. 

Such  was  the  region  to  which  the  gospel  was  to  be 
carried.  On  the  18th  of  November,  1851,  missionaries 
Snow  and  Gulick,  with  their  wives,  left  Boston  in  the 
Esther  May,  and  two  months  afterward,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Sturges,  in  the  Snow  Squall,  for  Micronesia  by  way  of 
the  Sandwich  Islands.  Seven  native  Hawaiians  were 
ready  to  join  them,  but  two  only,  with  their  wives,  were 
selected  for  the  opening  of  the  mission.  The  native 
churches  made  liberal  contributions  for  their  outfit  and 
support.  King  Kamehameha  HI.  gave  them  a noble 
letter  of  commendation  to  the  Micronesian  chiefs.  A 
mission  church  w'as  organized  early  in  July,  1852,  and 
on  the  15th  of  the  same  month,  just  thirty-three  years, 
or  one  whole  generation,  from  the  date  of  the  former 
parting  at  Long  Wharf,  in  Boston,  the  like  scene  took 
place  in  the  harbor  of  Honolulu.  A crowd  of  natives 
thronged  the  shore  as  the  missionaries  put  oflf  for  the 
schooner  Caroline.  On  the  deck  of  the  schooner  there 
is  a prayer  in  Haw'aiian,  and  another  in  English,  a verse 
of  the  Missionary  Hymn,  a shaking  of  friendly  hands, 
and  with  a gentle  breeze  the  vessel  glides  away. 

The  Caroline  arrived  at  the  Gilbert  Islands,  and  on 
the  21st  of  August  anchored  at  Kusaie.  The  mission- 
aries w'ere  pleasantly  received  by  Good  King  George  in 
a faded  flannel  shirt,  while  his  wife  sat  by  in  a short 
cotton  gown,  and  his  subjects  approached  him  crouching 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  27 

ou  their  hands  and  knees.  He  consented  to  the  mission, 
gave  them  supplies,  promised  them  land  and  a house, 
and  on  hearing  the  thirteenth  chapter  of  Romans  and 
witnessing  their  worship,  he  pronounced  both  to  be 
“ first  rate.”  Messrs.  Snow,  Opunui,  and  their  wives 
commenced  their  work  in  this  isolated  place,  where  at 
one  time  they  passed  a period  of  two  full  years  without 
a letter  from  America.  A fortnight  later  the  Caroline 
anchored  in  the  land-locked  harbor  of  Pouape,  where  the 
king  came  on  board,  and  after  some  conversation,  told 
them  it  should  be  “ good  for  them  to  stop.”  And  here 
Messrs.  Sturges,  Gulick,  Kaaikaula,  and  their  wives 
were  soon  established  in  their  new  home. 

In  1854  they  were  followed  by  Dr.  Pierson  and  the 
native  IIa\vaiian,  Kanoa.  These  brethren  brought  a 
blessing  to  the  crew  of  the  whaling  bark  Belle  that 
carried  them  ; her  three  mates  were  converted  on  the 
voyage.  As  they  cruised  among  the  Marshall  Islands 
on  their  way  to  Kusaie,  by  a good  providence,  the  king’s 
sister,  a remarkable  woman,  took  passage  from  Ebon  to 
another  island,  became  attached  to  the  missionaries,  and 
spoke  their  praises  at  every  island  where  they  touched. 
The  missionaries  proceeded  on  their  voyage  to  Kusaie, 
but  with  a deep  conviction  that  the  Lord  was  calling 
them  back  to  the  Marshall  group. 

At  length  (1857)  tlie  Morning  Star,  the  children’s 
vessel,  heaves  in  sight  at  Kusaie.  She  brings  Mr.  aud 
Mrs.  Bingham,  and  Kanakaole,  with  his  wife,  ou  their 
way  to  the  Marshall  and  Gilbert  Islands.  They  are 
joined  here  by  Messrs.  Pierson  and  Doane,  and  sail  for 
their  destination.  As  they  set  out  for  Ebon  Island,  of 
the  Marshall  group,  they  are  solemnly  warned  by  old 
«ea  captains  of  the  danger  that  awaits  them  from  that 


28 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


ferocious  people,  Ou  approaching  the  island,  the  cap- 
tain put  up  his  boarding  nettings,  stationed  his  men  fore 
and  aft,  and  anxiously  awaited  the  issue.  Fifteen  canoes 
drew  near,  jammed  full  of  men.  In  the  prow  of  the 
foremost  stood  a powerful  man  with  a wreath  on  bis 
bead  and  huge  rings  in  his  ears.  On  they  came,  but  in 
the  same  instant  Dr.  Pierson  and  the  savage  recognized 


each  other  as  old  acquaintances,  and  the  savage  came  on 
board  shouting,  “ Docotor,  docotor  ! ” in  perfect  delight. 
Many  months  before,  it  seems,  this  man  and  a hundred 
others  had  been  driven  by  a storm  upon  Kusaie,  where 
the  missionaries  had  rescued  them,  and  befriended  them 
with  food  and  medicine,  and  they  had  returned  to  their 
homes  in  peace.  So  the  Lord  befriended  the  mission- 
aries in  turn,  and  prepared  them  a welcome  among  the 
so-called  cannibals.  And  when,  after  a further  cruise 
of  thirty  days,  the  Morning  Star  returned  to  leave  the 
missionaries  at  Ebon,  they  were  met  on  the  water  by 
twenty  canoe  loads  of  people  shouting,  singing,  and 
dancing  for  joy.  On  the  shore  they  were  received  with 
every  demonstration  of  friendship,  and  the  aged  female 
chief  who  had  once  sailed  with  Dr.  Pierson  among  the 


islands  took  him  by  both  hands,  and  led  him  joyfully  to 
her  house.  On  the  same  voyage  Mr.  Bingham  and 
Kanoa  were  set  down  at  Apaiang,  of  the  Gilbe’'t , group 
where  the  king  gave  them  a pleasant  home. 

Thus  was  the  gospel  first  carried  to  these  threAgjIjQUDs 
of  islands ; and  here  we  leave  them  and  their  tcito^ 
laborers  that  followed  them,  chiefly  Hawaiians,  at  their 
self-denying  toils.  We  will  briefly  sketch  the  progress 
of  the  work  on  the  principal  island,  Ponape,  as  a speci- 
men of  the  whole.  Here  the  king,  though  almost  help- 
less with  the  palsy,  was  friendly  to  the  enterprise ; while 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  29 


the  Nanakin,  his  chief  officer,  expressed  himself  warmly, 
and  received  an  English  book  with  the  avowed  deter- 
mination to  learn  to  read  it.  “The  cooper  should  teach 
him  how,  or  he  would  pound  him.”  Two  short  mouths 
sufficed  to  awaken  the  enmity  of  unprincipled  foreigners. 
Two  captains  had  bought  one  of  the  small  islands,  and 
made  out  a deed  for  the  Nauakin  to  sign.  He  brought 
it  to  the  missionaries,  'wlio  found  it  to  contain  the  gross- 
est frauds,  including  even  the  forgery  of  the  Nauakin’s 
signature.  The  exposure,  of  course,  created  hostility. 
Six  months  brought  fifteen  vessels,  and  though  in  most 
instances  the  captains  were  friendly,  and  even  kind,  every 
arrival  was  attended  with  deplorable  influences  on  the 
morals  of  the  native  women.  Then  came  the  opening 
of  a school,  some  of  the  scholai’s  sitting  patiently  for  six 
long  hours  to  get  an  opportunity  to  steal.  Then  came 
the  small-pox,  and  before  the  end  of  the  first  year  it  had 
carried  olF  multitudes  of  the  inhabitants,  broken  up  the 
school,  arrested  all  plans  of  labor,  prostrated  the  Ha- 
waiian preacher,  and  produced  a general  recklessness 
and  bitterness  of  feeling  through  the  island.  To  tidd  to 
the  evil,  the  vaccine  matter  received  from  the  Sandwich 
Islands  proved  worthless,  and  wicked  foreigners  circu- 
lated the  report  that 'the  missionaries  had  introduced 
and  were  spreading  the  disease.  By  resorting  boldly  to 
inoculation,  and  beginning  with  the  Nanakin,  the  mis- 
sionaries at  length  saved  many  lives  and  regained  confi- 
dence. In  the  midst  of  this  calamity,  Mr.  Sturges’ 
house  burned  up,  with  all  its  contents,  driving  him  and 
his  family  to  the  w'oods.  Hostilities  arose,  also,  among 
the  tribes,  attended  with  robberies  and  murders,  and  the 
sailors  continued  to  bring  moral  pollution.  One  day,  in 
his  accustomed  tour,  Mr.  Sturges  passed  near  three 


30 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


brotliels*  all  kept  by  foreigners.  But  the  missionaries 
toiled  on,  resumed  their  schools,  gathered  their  growing 
congregations,  privately  sowed  the  good  seed,  and  in 
four  years’  time  were  printing  hymns  and  Old  Testament 
stories  in  Ponapean.  After  a night  of  eight  years  three 
converts  were  at  one  time  received  to  their  little  church, 
followed  by  eight  others  soon  ; and  meanw'hile  a little 
church  of  six  members  was  formed  in  another  part  of  the 
island.  Revivals  brought  opposition,  and  more  or  less 
of  persecution.  At  length  a chapel  w'as  built  in  the 
mountains  by  native  hands,  and  at  the  principal  station  a 
church  edifice,  forty  feet  by  sixty,  solemnly  dedicated  to 
God.  Hardly  was  it  consecrated  when  the  Morning 
Star  arrived  with  an  eight  hundred  pound  bell,  the  gift 
of  friends  in  Illinois  ; and  within  a fortnight  the  Nanakin, 
with  his  wife  and  fourteen  other  converts,  sat  down  at 
the  table  of  the  Lord.  The  chief  had  vibrated  back  and 
forth  — now  proclaiming  Sabbath  observance,  breaking 
up  five  brothels,  and  following  the  missionary  round  the 
island,  and  now  distributing  toddy  profusely  among  the 
people  — till  at  length  the  Lord  brought  him  in.  Half 
the  islanders  had  by  this  time  yielded  an  outward  defer- 
ence to  the  true  religion.  Early  in  the  year  1867  there 
were  religious  services  regularly  held  at  twelve  principal 
places,  a thousand  readers,  one  hundred  and  sixty-one 
church  members  in  good  standing,  and  numbers  of  con- 
verts soon  to  be  received.  Three  new  churches  had 
been  erected  by  the  natives  within  two  years,  in  one  of 
which  (in  May,  1867)  one  hundred  communicants  sat 
down  to  the  Lord’s  table,  in  the  presence  of  six  hundred 
spectators,  on  the  very  spot  where,  fourteen  years  before, 
Mr.  Sturges  was  near  being  overcome  and  robbed ; and 
another  of  these  churches  just  built,  though  seating  five 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  31 

htindred  persons,  will  soon  need  to  be  enlarged.  At 
Kusaie  there  are  one  hundred  and  eighty-three  church 
members,  of  whom  ninety-three  were  received  in  1867.* 
Three  stone  chapels  had  just  been  erected,  four  native 
deacons  ordained,  and  the  eye  of  the  missionary  turned 
to  one  man — the  only  living  child  of  Good  King  George 
— for  a native  pastor  ; while  the  influence  of  the  churches 
is  reacting  on  the  sailors.  Tliere  are  about  sixty  church 
members  now  at  the  Marshall  Islands,  and  the  prospects 
are  eminently  hopeful.  In  the  Gilbert  group  it  is  still 
seed-time,  but  the  knowledge  is  spreading  from  island  to 
island. 

Among  the  laborers  are  ten  Hawaiian  missionaries, 
who  have  toiled  wisely  and  faithfully.  On  many  of  these 
islands  the  population  is  steadily  growing  less.  Possibly 
the  religious  books  tliat  now  exist  in  these  several 
tongues  may  one  day  lie,  like  Eliot’s  Indian  Bible,  with- 
out a reader ; but  they  will  be  monuments  of  noble 
Christian  self-denial,  and  mementoes  of  souls  gathered 
into  the  kingdom  of  heaven. 

It  remains  to  say  a fe^v  words  of  the  Marquesas.  The 
mission  here  is  in  every  aspect  most  remarkable,  whether 
we  consider  the  character  of  the  people,  the  origin,  the 
agency,  or  the  influence  of  the  mission.  The  Marquesas 
Islands,  six  in  number,  are  situated  nearly  as  far  from 
Mieronesia  as  from  Hawaii.  They  are  of  volcanic  for- 
mation, their  mountains  rising  to  the  heiglit  of  four  or 
five  thousand  feet,  ■with  a wonderful  grandeur  and  variety 
of  scenery.  The  climate  is  fine,  and  the  valleys  unsur- 
passed in  fertility,  abounding  in  all  manner  of  tropical 
fruits  and  vegetation.  The  fruits  hang  temptingly  upon 

• The  statistics  are  of  1868.  See  Appendix. 

G 


32 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIOX3. 


the  trees,  o;  drop  on  the  ground.  The  Islands  contain 
about  eight  thousand  people,  of  Malay  origin,  speaking 
a language  very  similar  to  the  Hawaiian.  The  natives 
have  fine  athletic  forms,  great  vivacity  and  quick  appre- 
hension, but  are  to  the  last  degree  impatient  of  labor  and 
control.  They  are,  in  fact,  among  the  most  lawless, 
quarrelsome,  and  ferocious  of  the  tribes  of  men.  They 
have  no  acknowledged  form  of  government.  The  indi- 
vidual gluts  his  revenge  unhindered,  and  the  clans  in  the 
various  valleys  are  in  perpetual  warfare.  The  bodies  of 
the  slain  are  cut  in  pieces,  and  distributed  among  the 
clan  to  be  devoured,  the  little  children  even  partaking 
of  the  horrid  meal.  In  1859,  when  the  whale-ship  Star- 
light was  wrecked  off  the  Island  of  Hivaoa,  the  natives 
conspired  to  massacre  the  crew  in  order  to  plunder  the 
vessel,  though  in  both  objects  they  were  frustrated.  The 
comaiunity  cannot  have  forgotten  the  letter  of  President 
Lincoln  to  the  missionary  Kekela,  a few  years  ago, 
thanking  him  for  his  services  in  rescuing  the  mate  of  an 
American  ship,  Mr.  Whalon,  from  being  roasted  and 
eaten  by  these  cannibals.  The  disposition  of  the  natives 
is  to  some  degree  symbolized  by  their  personal  appear- 
ance — the  men  hideously  tattooed  with  lizards,  snakes, 
birds,  and  fishes,  and  the  women  smeared  with  cocoa-nut 
oil  and  turmeric.  Add  to  this  the  most  oppressive  system 
of  tabus,  so  that,  for  example,  the  father,  the  mother, 
and  the  grown-up  daughter  must  all  eat  apart  from  each 
other,  and  we  have  some  idea  of  the  obstacles  to  the 
Christian  religion  in  those  islands. 

Some  years  ago  a Hawaiian  youth  w’as  left  by  a vessel 
at  these  islands  sick.  He  recovered,  and  by  his  superior 
knowledge  became  a man  of  importance,  and  married 
the  daughter  of  the  high  chief  Mattunui.  The  father- 

O O 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  33 

in-law  was  so  impressed  with  his  acquisitions,  which,  as 
he  learned,  were  deriv'ed  from  the  missionaries,  that, 
after  consultation  with  the  other  chiefs,  he  embarked  for 
Lahaina  to  seek  missionaries  for  Marquesas.  This  was 
in  1853.  The  Hawaiian  Society  felt  that  the  call  was 
from  God.  Two  native  pastors  — one  of  them  Kekela  — 
and  two  native  teachers,  accompanied  by  their  wives, 
were  deputed  to  go.  They  were  welcomed  with  joy. 
Mattunui  sat  up  all  night  to  tell  of  the  “ strange  things  ” 
he  saw  and  heard  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands ; and  an 
audience  of  a hundred  and  fifty  listened  to  preaching 
on  the  following  Sabbath.  The  missionaries  entered  at 
once  on  their  various  forms  of  Christian  activity,  organ- 
izing their  schools,  and  in  due  time  translating  the  Gos- 
pel  of  John.  One  foreigner  alone  was  with  them  — Mr. 
Bicknell,  an  English  mechanic,  a noble  man,  afterward 
ordained  a preacher  ; otherwise  the  wliole  enterprise  was 
Hawaiian.  Roman  Catholic  priests  hurried  at  once  to 
tlie  islands,  but  the  Hawaiian  preachers  held  on,  amid 
immense  discouragements,  with  great  energy  and  perse- 
verance, and  with  admirable  good  sense.  At  length  God 
gave  them  the  first  convert,  Abraham  Natua.  Soon 
after  this  the  'missionaries  determined  to  break  down  the 
system  of  tabus,  and  a great  feast  was  gotten  up  on  the 
mission  premises,  at  which  the  high  chief  Mattunui, 
and  many  others,  sat  down  for  the  first  time  with  their 
wives,  and  broke  through  the  system  in  every  available 
direction.  It  was  a grand  blow  at  the  whole  institution. 
In  four  years  the  intolerable  thievishness  of  the  natives 
was  so  far  checked  within  the  range  of  the  missions  that 
clothing  could  be  exposed,  and  the  mission  premises 
could  be  left  unlocked  the  entire  day,  with  perfect  safety. 
Urgent  calls  came  from  various  parts  of  the  islands  for 


34 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


missionaries,  five  or  six  pieces  of  laud — more  than  could 
be  occupied  — being  given  in  Hivaoa  alone.  Converts 
came  dropping  in  sloAvly,  one  by  one,  at  first ; and  a 
quiet  and  powerful  influence  has  been  diffusing  itself 
through  the  islands,  and  filling  the  minds  of  these  de- 
voted preachers  with  great  hopes  of  the  future.  In  1867 
there  were  eleven  male  and  female  missionaries  at  the 
islands,  who  had  organized  five  churches  with  fifty-seven 
members,  and  were  about  to  establish  a boarding  school 
for  boys  and  another  for  girls.  And  in  1868  Mr.  Coan, 
who  had  just  visited  the  islands,  w^rote  thus  : “The  light, 
and  love,  and  gravitating  power  of  the  gospel  are  per- 
meating the  dead  masses  of  the  Marquesans.  Scores 
already  appear  as  true  disciples  of  Jesus.  Scores  can 
read  the  Word  of  the  living  God,  and  it  is  a power  within 
them.  Hundreds  have  forsaken  the  tabus,  and  hundreds 
of  others  hold  them  lightly.  Consistent  missionaries  and 
their  teachings  are  respected.  Their  lives  and  persons 
are  sacred  where  human  life  is  no  more  regarded  than 
that  of  a dog.  They  go  secure  w'here  others  dare  not 
go.  They  leave  houses,  wives,  and  children  without 
fear,  and  savages  protect  them.  Everywhere  we  see 
evidence  of  the  silent  and  sure  progress  of  truth,  and  we 
rest  assured  that  the  time  to  favor  the  dark  Marquesans 
has  come.”  Whether  we  view  the  people  on  whom,  or 
the  people  by  whom,  this  power  has  been  put  forth,  we 
see  alike  a signal  movement  of  the  gospel  of  Christ. 

May,  1876. 

Another  edition  of  the  foregoing  sketch  being  called 
for,  while  using  the  stereotype  plates  as  they  stand,  a few 
sentences  will  be  added  in  regard  to  the  Micronesia  mis- 
sion (still  one  of  the  missions  of  the  American  Board), 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  35 

bringing  the  statistics  down  to  the  present  time.  A rein- 
forcement of  American  missionaries  was  sent  to  this  field  ' 
in  1874,  consisting  of  Rev.  Messrs.  Horace  J.  Taylor  and 
Robert  W.  Logan,  and  Mr.  Frank  E.  Rand,  a teacher, 
with  their  wives.  The  company  sailed  from  Honolulu 
July  11,  Mr.  Taylor  for  Apaiang,  the  others  for  Ponape. 
Mrs.  Taylor  was  removed  by  death  in  September,  after 
having  been  but  a few  weeks  in  the  field,  leaving  delight- 
ful evidence  of  her  interest  in,  and  hearty  consecration  to 
the  work.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bingham  were  constrained  to 
leave  Apaiang  in  May,  1875,  by  the  serious  illness  of  Mr. 
Bingham,  and  they  are  now  at  the  Sandwich  Islands. 
Tlie  health  of  Mrs.  Doane  not  permitting  her  to  reside  in 
Micronesia,  Mr.  Doane  also  felt  that  he  must  leave  the 
field  in  1875,  and  they  are  now  connected  with  the  Japan 
mission. 

The  progress  of  the  work  has  been  marked.  Hawaiian 
missionaries  now  occupy  six  of  the  Gilbert  and  four  of  the 
Marshall  Islands.  Pingelap  and  Mokil,  between  Kusaie 
and  Ponape  in  the  Caroline  Islands,  have  become  out- 
stations,  with  Ponapean  helpers  and  growing  churches  ; 
and  more  recently,  in  .January,  1874,  two  islands  of  the 
Mortlock  group,  Lukunor  and  Satoan,  about  300  miles 
southwest  of  Ponape,  were  occupied  by  three  promising 
Ponapean  laborers  and  their  wives  — three  of  the  seven 
who  were  mentioned  by  Mr.  Doane  in  June,  1873,  as  hav- 
ing been  “ licensed  ” for  Christian  work.  They  went  to 
what  was  to  them  truly  z,  foreign  field,  in  the  spirit,  ap- 
parently, of  full  consecration,  and  have  met  with  much 
encouragement.  In  October,  1875,  Mr.  Sturges  and 
others  visited  these  islands  in  the  “ Morning  Star,”  and 
^und  such  evidence  that  a considerable  number  of  the 
people  had  already  (after  less  than  two  years  of  labor 


36 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


among  them)  heartily  embraced  the  truth  and  become 
true  followers  of  Christ,  that  three  churches  were  organ- 
ized, with  sixteen,  fourteen,  and  eight  members,  respect- 
ively, and  one  of  the  Ponapeans  was  ordained  as  a pastor. 

Mr.  Doane,  on  leaving  the  field  in  1874,  made  the  fol- 
lowing statements  as  to  the  progress  of  the  work  since  the 
“ Caroline  ” took  the  first  three  mission  families  (Snow, 
Gulick,  and  Sturges)  to  Micronesia,  in  1852  : “ These 

first  few  laborers  have  been  increased,  till  now  there  are 
seven  American  missionaries,  and  eleven  Hawaiians. 
Four  of  the  most  important  dialects  of  the  field  have  been 
reduced  to  writing,  and  into  all  of  them  the  New  Testa- 
ment, or  a portion  of  it,  has  been  translated.  More  than 
2,500,000  pages  of  school-books  and  of  the  Scriptures,  have 
been  printed.  More  than  500  Christian  songs  have  been 
prepared,  either  original  or  translated.  There  are  three 
training  schools,  with  100  pupils,  and  many  hundreds  of 
natives  read  well  what  has  been  printed  for  them.  There 
are  about  twenty  churches,  with  a membership  in  the  ag- 
gregate of  about  1,200,  giving,  for  each  of  the  twenty-two 
years  of  toil,  forty-five  conversions.  The  contributions  at 
the  monthly  concerts  for  the  past  year  will  be  hard  on  to 
$1,000,  and  not  a small  sum  have  the  natives  paid  for  books. 
And  from  these  churches  there  have  been  sent  forth  (and 
partly  supported  by  them)  ten  catechists,  some  as  home, 
some  2iS  foreign  laborers  ; and  the  so-called  foreign  ones 
are  emphatically  so,  going  to  a people  of  another  dialect, 
as  foreign  to  them,  almost,  as  to  an  American  mission- 
ary.” 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  37 


Postscript,  October^  1880. 

The  four  years  wliich  have  passed  since  the  preceding 
pages  were  stereotyped  have  been  marked  by  the  usual 
vicissitudes,  with  encouraging  progress  on  the  whole,  in 
this  mission. 

In  1877  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Pease  joined  the  mission,  and 
four  American  laborers  were  constrained  to  leave,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Snow,  Mr.  Taylor,  and  Mrs.  Logan.  The  lat- 
ter soon  rejoined  her  husband,  and  Mr.  Taylor,  after  a 
temporary  release,  has  gone  back  to  the  mission.  Mrs. 
Snow  expects  soon  to  return  ; but  her  husband,  the  vete- 
ran of  the  mission,  has  not  been  spared  to  return  with  her. 
After  three  years’  residence  in  his  native  State,  Maine,  he 
died  there  May  1,  1880.  In  1878  Mr.  Doane  rejoined  the 
mission  after  an  absence  of  several  years.  In  1879,  the 
only  change  in  the  missionary  force  was  the  return  of  Mrs. 
Sturges  to  America,  to  be  followed  by  her  husband,  on 
the  next  trip  of  the  “ Morning  Star.”  But  the  number 
of  missionaries  has  been  made  good  in  1880  by  the  ac- 
cession of  Mrs.  Taylor,  who  went  with  her  returning  hus- 
band, and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alfred  C.  Walkup,  all  to  be  sta- 
tioned on  the  Gilbert  Islands. 

The  present  missionary  force  from  America  is  as  fol- 
lows : — 


Went  Out. 


Bingham,  Rev.  Hiram,  at  Honolulu 

. 18.56. 

Bingham,  -Mrs.  Minerva  C.,  Honolulu 

1856. 

Doane,  Rev.  Edward  T.,  Ponape  . 

. 1854. 

Logan,  Rev.  Robert  W.,  Ponape 

1874. 

Logan,  Mrs.  Mary  E.,  Ponape 

. 1874. 

Pease,  Rev.  Edward  !M.,  m.  d..  Ebon  . 

1877. 

Pease,  Mi-s.  Harriet  A.,  Ebon 

. 1877. 

Rand,  Mr.  Frank  E.,  Ponape  . 

1874. 

38 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


Eand,  Mrs.  Carrie  T.,  Ponape 1874. 

Snow,  Mrs.  Lydia  V.,  in  America  ....  1851. 

Sturges,  Eev.  Albert  A.,  in  America  ....  1852. 
Sturges,  Mrs.  Susan  M.,  in  America  ....  1852. 
Taylor,  Rev.  Horace  J.,  Gilbert  Islands  . . . 1874. 

Taylor,  Mrs.  Julia  A.,  Gilbert  Islands  . . . . 1880. 

Walkup,  Rev.  Alfred  C.,  Gilbert  Islands  . . . 1880. 

Walkup,  Mrs.  Margaret  L.,  Gilbert  Islands  . . . 1880. 

Whitney,  Rev.  Joel  F.,  Ebon 1871. 

Whitney,  Mrs.  Louisa  M.,  Ebon 1871. 


The  Hawaiian  missionaries  number  ten,  of  whom  three 
are  not  ordained,  and  only  one  is  unaccompanied  by  a 
wife. 

The  increase  of  the  native  force  is  a hopeful  feature  of 
the  mission.  There  are  now  eight  native  pastors,  one 
ordained  evangelist,  six  other  preachers,  and  four  cate- 
chists and  teachers.  These  minister  to  forty  churches, 
with  2,904  members,  having  received  407  during  the  year 
last  reported,  or  an  average  of  more  than  ten  to  each 
church.  The  number  who  joined  the  Congregational 
churches  in  America,  on  profession,  in  1879,  was  less 
than  an  average  of  five  to  each,  a comparison  which 
speaks  well  for  the  mission. 

The  “ Morning  Star  ” has  pursued  her  successful  career, 
giving  these  distant  toilers  in  the  Master’s  service  certain 
and  healthful,  if  not  frequent,  connection  with  the  outer 
world.  The  romance  of  modern  missions  has,  perhaps,  its 
best  illustration  in  the  flitting  to  and  fro  of  this  winged 
messenger  of  the  cross  over  the  wide  Pacific,  bearing  tid- 
ings and  supplies,  recreation  and  reenforcements,  without 
which  this  Island  mission  would  be  almost,  if  not  wholly, 
impracticable.  She  is  now  making  her  tenth  voyage. 
Capt.  Isaiah  Bray  was  appointed  to  her  command  iu 
IMarch,  1878,  and  is  proving  himself  the  right  man,  in  a 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  39 

position  not  easy  to  fill.  A missionary  writes,  “ His  aim 
in  everything  seems  to  be  to  advance,  in  the  best  manner, 
our  missionary  work.” 

Of  his  last  voyage,  in  1879,  Captain  Bray  says  : We 

have  sighted  thirty-four  different  islands,  and  visited 
twenty-six  of  them  once  and  thirteen  of  them  twice.  We 
have  entered  nineteen  lagoons,  and  have  transferred  251 
passengers  from  one  island  to  another.  Upon  the  whole 
vo}'age  we  have  sailed  13,193  miles.  Nothing  like  an 
accident  has  occurred  during  the  voyage,  except  the  loss 
of  an  anchor  at  Ponape.  Twice  at  Kusaie  the  vessel 
dragged  her  anchor,  and  lay  alongside  the  perpendicular 
coral  wall  for  a few  moments,  but  not  even  a scratch  to 
the  copper  was  received.” 

It  would  be  easy  to  fill  pages  with  the  pleasant  story 
of  the  work  which  these  missionaries  are  doing,  and  its 
results  ; it  is  not  easy  to  give  any  outline  of  it  in  a page. 
The  true  spirit  of  missions  appears  in  these  Micronesian 
converts,  in  their  movement  upon  the  Mortlock  group  of 
islands,  which  the  Ponape  Christians  have  adopted  as 
their  foreign  missionary  field.  Mr.  Sturges  gives  details 
in  letters  reported  in  the  Missionary  Herald  (May,  1880). 
He  says,  “it  has  been  our  main  object  to  raise  up  suit- 
able workers  for  our  foreign  field,”  and  the  figures  given 
above  show  marked  success  in  the  effort.  The  “ Morning 
Star”  on  her  last  trip  visited  the  Mortlocks,  and  items 
like  these  are  gleaned.  At  Lukunor,  David  and  Sarah’s 
place,  the  work  was  prospering,  and  sixteen  had  been 
added  to  the  church.  At  Oniop,  Mr.  Logan  was  left  for 
a few  mouths  to  look  after  the  work,  left  by  the  mission- 
ary Solomon,  who  had  been  surrendered  by  his  people,  in 
1878,  to  go  and  labor  in  the  regions  beyond.  Opataia 
and  Opatinia  were  dwelling  in  a new  house,  built  by  their 


40 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


loving  people  to  induce  their  return.  Converts  were  bap- 
tized, at  Ta,  sixteen  ; at  Kutu,  twenty-four;  at  Etal,  four; 
at  Sotawar,  twenty-one  ; and  at  Mor,  four.  At  Namoluk, 
Julius  and  Lora  were  landed,  and  found  the  people  very 
glad  to  see  them.  Landed  at  Losap  and  found  Solomon 
and  Susan  well,  and  the  work  prospering.  It  was  not 
easy  to  believe  that  such  changes  had  been  made  in  one 
short  year.  A church  of  fifty  members  was  organized. 
The  next  day  the  “ Star  ” came  on  to  Xomr,  where  the 
same  wonderful  changes  were  seen,  — the  broad  street, 
neat  parsonage,  substantial  meeting-house,  a prosperous 
school,  with  large  contributions  in  shells  and  native  twine. 
A church  of  fifty-seven  members  was  organized,  and  Titus 
and  Juui  landed  to  take  the  place  of  Moses  and  Deborah, 
that  these  veterans  might  go  on  to  Ruk.  It  had  been 
for  some  time  in  contemplation  to  take  possession  of  this 
Island,  and  a very  graphic  account  is  given  of  the  welcome 
of  the  missionaries  there.  The  king  was  friendly,  a fine 
specimen  of  an  unsophisticated  savage.  He  had  heard 
the  gospel  at  the  Mortlocks,  and  came  over  to  Nomr  to 
meet  the  “ Morning  Star  ” and  arrange  plans  for  her  go- 
ing to  Ruk.  There  they  were  received  by  a multitude  of 
rather  noisy  but  not  rude  savages,  were  feasted  by  the 
king,  and  assured,  by  a show  of  hands  confirming  the 
king’s  word,  that  a mission  was  desired  by  the  islanders. 
A place  for  a station  was  selected,  the  chiefs  assisting, 
and  the  missionaries,  Moses  and  Deborah,  were  formally 
presented  to  the  king  and  queen,  and  adopted  by  the  peo- 
ple. 

The  North  Pacific  Missionary  Institute,  at  Honolulu, 
under  the  charge  of  Rev.  C.  M.  Hyde,  d.  d.,  bears  vital 
relations  to  the  Micronesian  mission,  as  well  as  the  Ha- 
waiian Islands.  Its  work  is  encouraging,  and  confirms 


IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  MICRONESIA,  ETC.  41 

the  hope  that  it  will  raise  up  in  the  future  many  pastors 
and  missionaries  for  all  the  Pacific  islands. 

The  churches  at  the  Hawaiian  Islands  now  number 
fifty-six,  with  a membership  of  7,459.  They  received, 
on  profession,  last  year  247  members ; and  the  contribu- 
tions for  foreign  missions  were  $4,273.  The  total  of  their 
contributions  for  all  objects  was  $27,642.  Five  Amer- 
icans, formerly  missionaries  of  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.,  are 
numbered  among  the  pastors  of  the  churches. 


I 


3. 


i 


i 

f 


THE  MISSIONARY  HERALD: 


A Monthly  Magazine  of  40  pages  octavo;  the  organ  of  the  American 
Board.  Price  $1.10  a year.  Address 

CHARLES  HUTCHINS,  No.  1 Somerset  Street,  Boston. 


LIFE  AND  LIGHT  FOR  WOMAN: 

A Monthly  Magazine,  published  by  the  Woman’s  Board  of  Missions. 
Price  60  cents  a year.  Address 

SECRETARY  W.  B.  M.,  No.  1 Somerset  Street,  Boston. 


COIIRESPOXDEXCE. 

The  Corresponding  Secretaries  of  the  Board  are  Rev.  N.  G.  Clauk, 
D.  D.,  Rev.  E.  K.  Alden,  d.  i>.,  and  Rev.  John  O.  Means,  d.  d.  Letters 
relating  to  the  Missions  and  General  Concerns  of  the  Board  may  be  ad- 
dressed 

SECRETARIES  OF  THE  A.  B.  C.  F.  M., 

No.  1 Somerset  Street,  Boston. 


Donations  and  letters  relating  to  the  Pecuniary  Concerns  of  the  Board 
(e.Ncept  letters  on  the  subject  of  the  Missionanj  Herald)  should  be  ad- 
dres.sed 

LANGDON  S.  WARD,  Treasurer  of  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M., 

No.  1 Somerset  Street,  Boston. 


WOMAN’S  BOAPV.DS  OF  MISSIONS 
!May  be  addressed  as  follows:  — 

W.  B.  M.,  BOSTON:  Miss  Abbie  B.  Child,  Congregational  House, 
Boston. 

W.  B.  M.,  OF  THE  INTERIOR : Miss  H.crriet  S.  Ashley,  7.t  Mad- 
ison Street,  Chicago. 

W.  B.  M.  :^OR  THE  PACIFIC : Mrs.  II.  E.  Jewett,  Oakland,  Cal. 


Books  Concerning  Missions  and  Missionaries 


The  following  Books,  many  of 
Libraries,  may  be  obtained  by  mail, 
the  Missionabt  Herald. 

AFRICA. 

Zulu  Land.  By  T.«wif»  Grout  S2.00 

The  Gospel  among  the  CaffreR  . . .85 

Missionary  Travels  in  South  Africa. 

By  Dr.  Livingstone 4.60 

Expedition  to  the  Zambesi  and  its 
Tributaries.  By  Dr.  Livingstone  . 6.00 
Through  the  Dark  Continent.  By  H. 

M.  Stanley 10.00 

The  Seed  and  the  Sheaves  ...  .76 

TURKEY,  PALESTINE,  AND 


PERSIA. 

History  of  the  Missions  of  the  A.  B. 

C.  F.  M.  to  the  Oriental  Churches. 

2 vole.  By  Dr.  Auderson.  Per  vol.  1.50 
Ten  Years  on  the  Euphrates.  By  Rev. 

C.  H.  Wheeler 1.25 

Grace  Illustrated.  By  Rev.  C.  H. 

l\Ticeler 1.25 

Letters  from  Eden.  By  Rev.  C.  H. 

Wheeler 1.26 

Daughters  of  Armenia.  By  Mrs.  C. 

H.  Wheeler 90 

Little  Children  in  Kden.  By  ^v.  C. 

H.  \Mieeler 76 

Life  Scenes  among  the  Mountains  of 
Ararat.  By  Rev.  M.  P.  Parmelee  . 1.25 
The  Arab  and  the  Turks.  By  Rev.  E. 

L.  Clark 1.50 

Races  of  European  Turkey.  By  Rev. 

E.  L.  Clark 8.00 

Forty  Years  In  the  Turkish  Empire. 

Memoirs  of  William  Goodell,  D D.  2.50 
Among  the  Turks.  By  Cyrus  Ham- 
lin, D.  D 1.60 

Women  of  the  Orient.  By  R.  C. 

Houghton 2.00 

Bible  Work  in  Bible  lAnds.  By  Rev, 

Isaac  Bird  1.60 

The  J^nd  and  the  Book.  By  Rev.  W. 

M.  Thom.'ion,  D.  D 6.00 

Dr.  Grant  and  the  Mountain  Nestori- 

ans  . 1.60 

Tenne.«sean  in  Persia 1.76 

Woman  and  her  Saviour  in  Persia  . . 1.25 
Memoir  of  Miss  Fiske.  Faith  Work- 
ing by  Love . . 1.60 


INDIA- ^ 

History  of  the  Missions  of  the  A.  B. 

C.  F.  M.  in  India.  By  Dr.  Anderson  1.60 
Lectures  to  Educated  Hindus.  By 

Pres.  J.  H.  ^eelye 1.00 

The  Land  of  the  -Veda.  By  William 
Butler,  D.  D 4.00 


them  suitable  for  Sunday-school 
postage  paid,  through  the  Office  of 


Our  Gold  Mine  in  India  Story  of 
Baptist  Missions  . . $1.25 

CHINA  AND  JAPAN. 

The  Middle  Kingdom.  2 vols  8. 

Wells  William>,  LL.D 4.00 

Social  Life  of  the  Chinese.  By  Rev. 

J.  Doolittle  . ....  6.00 

China  and  the  Chinese.  By  Dr.  Nevius  1.76 
Our  Life  in  China.  By  Mrs.  Nevius  1.60 
Five  Years  In  China.  Life  of  Rev. 

WUliani  Aitebison  . • . . 1.25 

The  Mikado's  Empire.  By  Griffis  . . 4.00 

SANDWICH  ISLANDS  AND  POLY- 
NESIA. 


nistory  of  the  Sandwich  Islands  Mis- 
sion. By  Dr.  Aiider’^>n  ...  1 60 

Scenes  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands  . 1 25 

The  Morning  Star  l.OO 

Forty  YearH  Mission  Work  in  Poly- 
nesia. By  A.  W.  Murray  ...  250 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Foreign  Mi.ssions.  By  Dr  Anderson  1.25 
The  Martyr  Church  of  Madagitscar  . 1.50 
Memorials  of  Charles  Stoddard  . .1.00 

Tales  about  the  Heathen.  By  Dr 
Scudder  ....  . .45 

Dibble's  Thoughts  on  Missions  .40 

Light  on  the  Dark  River  ...  lAO 
Christian  Missions.  By  Pres.  J II. 

Seelye  ...  1.25 

Romance  of  Missions.  Bv  Miss  Maria 

A.  West  . . . ' 2.00 

T^'elve  Years  with  the  Children.  By 
William  Warren,  D.  D.  . ...  1.25 

These  for  Those  ; Our  Indebtedness  to 
Missions.  By  William  Warren,  D.  D.  1.60 
From  Egypt  to  Japan.  By  Rev.  H.  M. 

Field 2.00  ^ 

Jonas  King.  Missionary  to  Syria  and 
Greece.  1.60 

Non-Christian  Religious  Systems. 

I.  Islam.  By  Kev.  J.  W.  U Stobart  1.26 

II.  Buddhism.  By  T.  W Rhys 

Davids  1 25 

III  Hinduism.  By  Monier  Williams  125 

Life  of  Bi>hop  Patte.<on  2 vols  6.00 

Myra  or  a Child's  Story  of  Mission- 
ary Life.  By  C.  C-  Tracy  K 

Mis.<ioiiary  Sisters  . . . 1.26 

.Memoir  of  Henry  Obookiab  ...  K5 

Memoir  of  Henry  L>  man  lAO 

Uncle  Ben's  Bag,  and  How  )t  is  Never 
Empty  • . . . . . .06 


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